Flow Chart

A flow chart is a type of mapping which lays out a sequence of events.  In this chart it shows a daily schedule for a school student but is also commonly used in project brainstorming.
http://frankley.school.nz/index_files/putting_the_pieces_together/thinking_maps.html

Star plots

A Star Plot is a set of radii representing different variables.  The length of the radii represents the amount of the variable it represents.  This map compares several different car makers in 1979.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://datavis.ca/milestones//admin/uploads/images/starcrim2.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/index.php%3Fgroup%3D1950%252B&usg=__g0xZKeTRUQpxqkVYEVG_xsAdGsk=&h=505&w=504&sz=9&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=HjdhiticvsQY5M:&tbnh=132&tbnw=132&ei=iE0iTuOcCpOrsALb66TVAw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStar%2Bplots%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26biw%3D1600%26bih%3D722%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=853&vpy=75&dur=1757&hovh=225&hovw=224&tx=140&ty=98&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0

Correlation matrix

http://www.financialmodelingguide.com/analytical-tools/benninga-correlation-matrix/

In a correlation matrix finds within the data a number which compares the various relationships between data.  This map is comparing stock values of various companies.  Note the value of General Electric.  I bet many investors wish to see these numbers again.

Similarity matrix

A similarity matrix compares data to itself.  In this case the values are of a TV stream.

http://www.irit.fr/recherches/SAMOVA/pagesimilarity-matrix.html

Box plot

A box plot measures all of the different comparable numbers in scale in a simplistic yet complicated map.  The mean and median are measured in the straight line representing the range with variances and other measurements within the box.  This map measures the numbers of 40 smokers.

http://pirate.shu.edu/~wachsmut/Teaching/MATH1101/Descriptives/box.html

Histogram

 A histogram is a measurement of frequencies in a series of bars representing various ranges.  This map measures the profit ranges in an exercise for an excel training program.

http://www.vertex42.com/ExcelArticles/mc/Histogram.html

Parallel coordinate graph

A parallel coordinate graph measures different statistics on 2 scales through a line compared to the other values.  This particular graph measures the health care spending of nations and their life expectancy compared to other nations.  Its interesting to see that (at least in this study) there seems to be no correlation between spending and life expectancy. 
http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~cook/movabletype/archives/2009/12/healthcare_spen.html